V.C The Second Virial Coefficient & van der Waals Equation
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چکیده
• Remarks and observations: (1) The tail of the van der Waals attractive potential (∝ r) extends to very long sep arations. Yet, its integral in eq.(V.39) is dominated by contributions from the short scales r0. In this limited context, the van der Waals potential is short-ranged, and results in corrections to the ideal gas behavior that are analytical in density n, leading to the virial series. (2) By contrast, potentials that fall off with separation as 1/r or slower, are long-ranged. The integral appearing in calculation of the second virial coefficient is dominated by long distances, and is divergent. As a result, corrections to the ideal gas behavior can
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